Hierarchical architecture: The upper computer, BMS and the lower mechanism form a hierarchical architecture: The upper computer is located at the highest level and is responsible for global monitoring, data processing and system control.

1. As the intermediate layer, the BMS not only performs specific battery management tasks, but also is responsible for reporting data to the upper computer and executing the upper computer's instructions.

2. The lower computer is at the bottom level and directly interacts with the sensors and actuators to provide local data acquisition and control functions.

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